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Should I Get Screened?
Essential Cancer Screening Questions Answered for Women

This blog answers frequently asked questions to guide you towards informed decisions about cancer screenings.
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What is cancer screening?

Cancer Screening

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The purpose of cancer screening tests is to detect pre-cancer or early stage cancer in asymptomatic individuals so that timely diagnosis and early treatment can be offered, where this treatment can lead to better outcomes for some people.
There are two main goals for cancer screening programs:
  • Reduce mortality and morbidity: Early detection through screenings like breast cancer screening allows for early treatment, lowering death rates and improving the overall quality of life for patients.
  • Reduce cancer incidence: Screenings for certain cancers can identify and treat precancerous changes, preventing cancer development altogether.

Why Screenings Matter for Women

Cancer screenings are proactive tests used to detect cancer before symptoms arise. Early detection allows for less invasive treatments and a higher likelihood of successful outcomes.
Here’s why screenings matter:
  • Early detection saves lives. Finding cancer early, when it's still localized, offers a much better chance of successful treatment with minimal side effects.
  • Peace of mind. Regular screenings provide reassurance and empower you to take charge of your health.
  • Improved treatment options. Early-stage cancers often require less aggressive treatments like surgery or radiation therapy, leading to a faster recovery.

What Are the Different Types of Cancer Screening Tests?

Cancer screening tests include physical examinations, imaging tests and laboratory tests.
  • Physical examination: A healthcare provider may do this examination during your regular physical. They may examine your body for any changes, such as unusual lumps. They’ll ask questions about your health habits and your family’s health history.
  • Laboratory tests: These tests may include blood tests for cancer, tests to obtain tissue and urine tests. Pap smears are an example of a screening test providers use to obtain tissue for medical pathologists to examine for signs of Cervical Cancer.
  • Imaging tests: These tests obtain images of areas inside of your body. A mammogram is a common example of an imaging test used specifically for screening breast cancer.
  • Genetic tests for cancer: If someone in your biological family has cancer at early age, your doctor may recommend genetic tests on your relative, if positive screening of family members is recommended.

What are Common Cancer Screening Tests for Women?

  • Cervical Cancer Screening: A Pap smear or HPV test checks for precancerous cervical cell changes. The recommended screening schedule varies based on age and risk factors. Discuss this with your doctor.
  • Breast Cancer Screening: Mammography is the primary screening tool for breast cancer. The recommended starting age and frequency depend on your individual risk factors. Talk to your doctor to determine the best screening plan for you.
  • Lung Cancer Screening: Women with a history of heavy smoking may benefit from lung cancer screening with low-dose CT scans. Discuss your eligibility with your doctor.
  • Ovarian Cancer: There's no routine screening for ovarian cancer. However, some tests may be used for high-risk individuals or further evaluation, including pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds (TVUS), CA-125 blood tests, and biopsies.
  • Uterine Cancer: Similar to ovarian cancer, there's no routine screening. Endometrial biopsies or TVUS (Transvaginal Ultrasound) may be used for high-risk patients or further evaluation.
  • Skin Cancer: Regularly perform skin self-exams to check for suspicious moles. Schedule regular dermatologist exams for professional skin checks. If necessary, a biopsy may be recommended.

When Should I Start Getting Screened?

The recommended age to begin screenings and the frequency of screenings vary depending on the type of cancer and your individual risk factors. It’s crucial to discuss your specific situation with your doctor to create a personalized screening plan.

What Can I Do to Be Proactive About My Health?

  • Schedule regular appointments with your doctor. Discuss your risk factors and create a personalized screening plan. Don't hesitate to ask questions! Understanding your options and potential risks and benefits is important.
  • Know your family history. A family history of certain cancers may necessitate earlier or more frequent screenings.
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What if I Have a Family History of Cancer?

If you have a family history of cancer, talk to your doctor about your risk factors and whether you might need to begin screenings earlier or undergo them more frequently. Genetic testing may also be recommended in some cases.
What to Do If You Have a Family History of Cancer (This YouTube Shorts video discusses what to do if you have a family history of cancer).
By understanding your family history and potential risk factors, you and your doctor can create a personalized screening plan that’s right for you.

Conclusion

Cancer screening tests can be an early warning you have cancer. Finding and treating cancer early increases the chance that healthcare providers will be able to cure it. But cancer is scary, and being screened for cancer may make you feel anxious. If you’re considering cancer screening, ask your healthcare provider to explain what cancer screening tests may be helpful. They’ll be happy to explain what each test looks for, how they do specific tests and how they’ll share your test results with you.
Remember, this blog post provides general information and shouldn’t replace professional medical advice. Always consult a cancer specialist, like Dr. Shruti Arora, for personalized screening recommendations based on your individual health history and risk factors.

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